\name{Angeville}
\Rdversion{1.1}
\alias{Angeville}
\docType{data}
\title{
Data from d'Angeville (1836) on the population of France
}
\description{
Adolph d'Angeville (1836) presented a comprehensive statistical
summary of nearly every known measurable characteristic of the French
population (by department) in his \emph{Essai sur la Statistique de la Population francaise}.
Using the graphic method of shaded (choropleth) maps 
invented by Baron Charles Dupin and applied to significant social questions
by Guerry, Angeville's \emph{Essai} became the
first broad and general application of principles of graphic representation 
to national industrial and population data.

The collection of variables in the data frame \code{Angeville}
is a small subset of over 120 columns presented in 8 tables and many
graphic maps.
}
\usage{data(Angeville)}
\format{
  A data frame with 86 observations on the following 16 variables.
  \describe{
    \item{\code{dept}}{a numeric vector}
    \item{\code{Department}}{Department name: a factor with levels \code{Ain} \code{Aisne} ... \code{Vosges} \code{Yonne}}
    \item{\code{Mortality}}{Mortality: Number of births to give 100 people at age 21 (T1:13)}
    \item{\code{Marriages}}{Number of marriages per 1000 men aged 21 (T1:15)}
    \item{\code{Legit_births}}{Annual no. of legitimate births (T2:17)}
    \item{\code{Illeg_births}}{Annual no. of illegitimate births (T2:18)}
    \item{\code{Recruits}}{Number of people registered for military recruitment from 1825-1833 (T3:32)}
    \item{\code{Conscripts}}{Number of inhabitants per military conscript (T3:33)}
    \item{\code{Exemptions}}{Number of military exemptions per 1000 all of physical causes (T3:47)}
    \item{\code{Farmers}}{Number of farmers during the census in 1831 (T4:65)}
    \item{\code{Recruits_ignorant}}{Average number of ignorant recruits per 1000 (T5:69)}
    \item{\code{Schoolchildren}}{Number of schoolchildren per 1000 inhabitants (T5:71)}
    \item{\code{Windows_doors}}{Number of windows & doors in houses per 100 inhabitants (T5:72).
    This is sometimes taken as an indicator of household wealth.}
    \item{\code{Primary_schools}}{"Number of primary schools (T5:74)}
    \item{\code{Life_exp}}{Life expectancy in years (T1:9a,9b)}
    \item{\code{Pop1831}}{Population in 1831}
  }
}
\details{

ID codes for \code{dept} were modified from those in Angeville's tables
to match those used in \code{\link{Guerry}}.

Angeville's variables are recorded in a variety of different ways and some of 
these were calculated from other columns in his tables not included here.  As 
well, the variable names and labels used here were often shortened from the more 
complete descriptions given by d'Angeville. The notation "(Tn:k)" indicates that 
the variable used here came from Table n, Column k.
}
\source{
Angeville, A. d' (1836).
\emph{Essai sur la Statistique de la Population francaise}, Paris: F. Darfour.

The data was digitally scanned from Angeville's tables using OCR software,
then extensively edited to correct obvious errors and finally subjected to some
consistency checks using the column totals and ranked values he provided.

}
\references{
Whitt, H. P. (2007).
Modernism, internal colonialism, and the direction of violence: suicide and crimes
against persons in France, 1825-1830.  Unpublished ms.


}
\examples{
library(Guerry)
library(sp)
library(RColorBrewer)

data(Guerry)
data(gfrance)
data(Angeville)

gf <- gfrance     # the SpatialPolygonsDataFrame

# Add some Angeville variables, transform them to ranks
gf$Mortality       <- rank(Angeville$Mortality)
gf$Marriages       <- rank(Angeville$Marriages)
gf$Legit_births    <- rank(Angeville$Legit_births)
gf$Illeg_births    <- rank(Angeville$Illeg_births)
gf$Farmers         <- rank(Angeville$Farmers)
gf$Schoolchildren  <- rank(Angeville$Schoolchildren)

# plot them on map of France
my.palette <- rev(brewer.pal(n = 9, name = "PuBu"))
spplot(gf, 
       c("Mortality", "Marriages", "Legit_births",  "Illeg_births", "Farmers", "Schoolchildren"),
       names.attr = c("Mortality", "Marriages", "Legit_births",  
                      "Illeg_births", "Farmers", "Schoolchildren"),
       layout=c(3,2), 
       as.table=TRUE, 
       col.regions = my.palette, 
       cuts = 8, # col = "transparent",
       main="Angeville variables")


}
\keyword{datasets}
